Asociación entre el diagnóstico de carcinoma mamario y la actividad de la enzima lactoperoxidasa sérica / Association between the diagnosis of mammary carcinoma and serum lactoperoxidase enzyme activity

Fundamento: La enzima lactoperoxidasa tiocianato es una proteína producida por células epiteliales en los acinos mamarios. Los carcinomas de la mama constituyen un tipo de cáncer que se origina por la transformación maligna de las células acinares de la mama y se caracterizan por el crecimiento y multiplicación descontrolado. Por tanto, podría existir una correlación entre el cáncer de mama y el aumento de la actividad sérica de la lactoperoxidasa. Objetivo: Determinar la asociación entre el diagnóstico de carcinoma mamario y la actividad aumentada de la enzima lactoperoxidasa sérica en muestras de pacientes que han sido atendidos en el Hospital Oncológico María Curie de Camagüey en el periodo de abril a agosto del 2022. Métodos: Se desarrolló un estudio correlacional en el Centro de Inmunología y Productos Biológicos de Camagüey, en el período de abril a agosto del 2022. Se empleó la citología por aspiración con aguja fina para el diagnóstico histopatológico del carcinoma mamario y se determinó la actividad de la enzima lactoperoxidasa sérica mediante el método del pirogalol salicilato. Se emplearon las pruebas t de student y chi-cuadrado para el análisis estadístico de los datos. Resultados: El carcinoma ductal infiltrante fue el subtipo de cáncer más frecuente con un 94,1 por ciento del total de las muestras. Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los grupos de muestras analizadas p ( 0.000. De un total de 34 muestras positivas, 32 presentaron aumento de la actividad enzimática. Conclusiones: Hubo asociación entre el diagnóstico de carcinoma mamario y niveles aumentados de la enzima lactoperoxidasa sérica(AU)

Background: The enzyme lactoperoxidase thiocyanate is a protein produced by epithelial cells in the mammary acini. Breast carcinomas are a type of cancer that originates from the malignant transformation of the acinar cells of the breast and are characterized by uncontrolled growth and multiplication. Therefore, there could be a correlation between breast cancer and increased serum lactoperoxidase activity. Objective: To determine the association between the diagnosis of mammary carcinoma and the increased activity of the serum lactoperoxidase enzyme in samples of patients who have been treated at the Maria Curie Oncology Hospital in Camagüey from April to August 2022. Methods: A correlational study was developed at the Center for Immunology and Biological Products of Camagüey, from April to August 2022. Fine-needle aspiration cytology was used for the histopathological diagnosis of mammary carcinoma and the activity of serum lactoperoxidase enzyme by the pyrogallol salicylate method. Student's t and chi-square tests were used in the statistical analysis of the data. Results: Infiltrating ductal carcinoma was the most frequent subtype of cancer with 94,1 percent of the total samples. Significant differences were found between the groups of samples analyzed p ( 0,000. Of a total of 34 positive samples, 32 showed increased enzyme activity. Conclusions: There was an association between the diagnosis of mammary carcinoma and increased levels of the serum lactoperoxidase enzyme(AU)

Cáncer de mama en hombres: revisión de casos en el Hospital Regional de Talca / Breast cancer in men: review of cases at "Hospital Regional de Talca"

Breast cancer in men is a rare pathology. The most common clinical presentation is a palpable and painless retroareolar nodule. In men, it is a rare pathology, there are few studies on the matter, where breast cancer trials frequently exclude men. Objective: to present the incidence of breast cancer in men from the "Regional Hospital of Talca" Method: Retrospective and descriptive study of cases of breast cancer in men who have been treated and followed up in the Breast Pathology Unit of the Regional Hospital of Talca from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2021.Results: There were 9 cases of breast cancer in men. Average age at diagnosis was 63 years, all patients were 50 years of age or older. One hundred percent of patients consulted for a self-palpable breast nodule. Average size on physical examination was 30 mm. The most frequent histology was invasive ductal carcinoma (56%), followed by invasive tubular carcinoma (22%) and ductal carcinoma in situ (11%). Immunohistochemistry was 100% positive for estrogen and progesterone receptor. Surgery in 56% of cases was total mastectomy with axillary dissection, and in 33% it was total mastectomy alone. 4 patients underwent adjuvant treatment with chemotherapy, and just one required a combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. During follow-up, only 2 patients died. Conclusion. Breast cancer in men is not very prevalent and the management is extrapolated from large studies in women, we believe that it is essential to have studies in male patients, to really have clarity on the behavior and evolution of the disease.

Efecto de las alteraciones genéticas y epigenéticas de la cadherina E y su expresión en la transcripción en la propensión al cáncer de mama / Effect of genetics, epigenetics and variations in the transcriptional expression of cadherin-E in breast cancer susceptibility

RESUMEN Introducción. La cadherina E (CDH1) cumple un papel importante en la transición epitelio-mesénquima y está relacionada con la invasión y las metástasis en varios tipos de carcinomas. Sin embargo, el efecto de las mutaciones y 'epimutaciones' germinales en la propensión al cáncer de mama no es claro. Objetivo. Evaluar el polimorfismo rs5030625, los cambios en el patrón de metilación del promotor y la expresión en la transcripción del gen CDH1 en pacientes con cáncer de mama. Materiales y métodos. Se tomaron muestras de sangre periférica de 102 pacientes con cáncer de mama y 102 mujeres de control. La genotipificación del polimorfismo rs5030625 se hizo mediante reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) y análisis de polimorfismos de longitud del fragmento de restricción; la PCR y el análisis de disociación de alta resolución sensible a metilación se emplearon para determinar el estado y el nivel de metilación del promotor del CDH1; por último, el nivel de expresión en la transcripción del CDH1 se evaluó mediante PCR cuantitativa con transcripción inversa. Resultados. Los resultados no evidenciaron asociación entre el polimorfismo rs5030625 y el cáncer de mama. Se encontraron perfiles aberrantes de metilación del promotor del CDH1 en las pacientes con cáncer de mama relacionados con las primeras etapas de desarrollo del cáncer. La disminución de la expresión del CDH1 se asoció con la presencia de metástasis y el estado de metilación del promotor. Conclusión. Las alteraciones en el CDH1 se asociaron con la invasión y las metástasis en el cáncer de mama. Se proporcionó evidencia adicional sobre la relevancia del CDH1 en el desarrollo y la progresión del cáncer de mama.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Cadherin-E (CDH1) is an important regulator of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, invasion and metastasis in many carcinomas. However, germinal epimutations and mutations effect in breast cancer susceptibility is not clear. Objective: To evaluate rs334558 polymorphism, promoter methylation status and CDH1 expression profile in breast cancer patients. Materials and methods: We collected peripheral blood samples from 102 breast cancer patients and 102 healthy subjects. The identification of rs334558 polymorphism was performed using PCR-RFLP, while methylation-specific PCR (MSP) and methylation-sensitive high-resolution melting (MS-HRM) were used to explore CDH1 methylation status; finally, CDH1 transcriptional expression profile was evaluated using RT-qPCR. Results: We found no association between rs334558 polymorphism and breast cancer. Aberrant promoter methylation profile was found in breast cancer patients and it was related with early cancer stages. CDH1 down-regulation was significantly associated with metastasis and promoter methylation. Conclusion: CDH1 alterations were associated with invasion and metastasis in breast cancer. Our results offer further evidence of CDH1 relevance in breast cancer development and progression.

A Profile of Breast Cancer Cases in Dakshina A Profile of Breast Cancer Cases in Dakshina.

Background: Breast cancer as a disease not only instills feeling of dread and fear but also has a psychological impact, as it affects a part of the body central to women’s sense of feminity. There is a steady increase in rural breast cancer incidence since rural women are increasingly adopting urban lifestyles, reproductive habits and are also increasingly exposed to similar environmental factors as urban women due to economic development. Materials and Methods: A retrospective, hospital rec-ord based study was done among patients admitted to a tertiary care hospital from January 2011 to December 2012. Data regarding age, risk factors like marital status and religion along with histological type, tumour grade and stage at diagnosis were retrieved. Data were entered and analysed by frequency, percentage and chi-square test. Results: A total of 109 cases, of which 76 were from rural areas of Dakshina Kannada. Mean age at presentation was 51-60 years among rural and 41-60 years among urban. Among rural women all 76 were married and among urban women 30 were married. Prevalence of breast malignancy was more among Hindus and least among the Muslims. The commonest histological type was Infiltrating Ductal Carcinoma (NOS) and commonest grade was grade 2. Most of them belonged to stage 2 disease. Conclusion: The study suggests that breast cancer pa-tients present late in the progression of disease beyond stage 1 and hence there is a need for improved screening techniques among rural women of Dakshina Kannada. Women should be encouraged to perform breast self-examination and get regular mammograms done as a routine screening proce-dure.

Perfil imuno-histoquímico e variáveis clinicopatológicas no câncer de mama / Immunohistochemical profile and clinical-pathological variables in breast cancer

OBJETIVO: Descrever as principais características em mulheres com câncer de mama, de acordo com o perfil imuno-histoquímico. MÉTODOS: A população foi composta a partir de coorte hospitalar formada por mulheres com diagnóstico de câncer de mama efetuado entre 2003 e 2005 (n = 601) e atendidas em centro de referência em assistência oncológica de Juiz de Fora-MG. Foram selecionadas apenas 397 mulheres que possuíam imunohistoquímica completa. Para definição dos grupos segundo perfil imuno-histoquímico, optou-se por classificação baseada na avaliação dos receptores de estrógeno e de progesterona, índice de proliferação celular Ki67 e superexpressão de HER2. De acordo com os diferentes fenótipos, foram definidos cinco subtipos: luminal A, luminal B-HER2 negativo, luminal B-HER2 positivo, triplo negativo e HER2 superexpresso. RESULTADOS: A maioria dos pacientes tinha pele branca (80,7%) e era pós-menopausada (64,9%), com idade média de 57,4 anos (±13,5). Ao diagnóstico, 57,5% delas tinha tumor de tamanho > 2,0 cm, e 41,7% exibiam comprometimento linfonodal. Os subtipos mais frequentes foram luminal B-HER2 negativo (41,8%) e triplo negativo (24,2%). No subtipo luminal A, 72,1% das pacientes eram pós-menopausadas, enquanto que os maiores percentuais na pré-menopausa foram observados nos subtipos luminal B-HER2 positivo e triplo negativo (45,2% e 44,2%, respectivamente). Verificou-se maior frequência de tumores > 2,0 cm e com linfonodos comprometidos nos subtipos triplo negativo e HER2 positivo. CONCLUSÃO: Esta pesquisa possibilitou avaliar a distribuição das principais características clinicopatológicas e relacionadas aos serviços de saúde em coorte de mulheres brasileiras com câncer de mama, segundo os subtipos tumorais imuno-histoquímicos.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the main characteristics of women with breast cancer, according to the immunohistochemical profile. METHODS: The population comprised a hospital cohort, consisting of women diagnosed with breast cancer between 2003 and 2005 (n = 601) and treated at a referral center for cancer care in Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil. Only 397 women who had complete immunohistochemistry analysis were selected. To define the groups according to the immunohistochemical profile, the assessment of estrogen and progesterone receptors, Ki-67 cell proliferation index, and overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) was chosen. According to the different phenotypes, five subtypes were defined: luminal A, luminal B HER2 negative, luminal B HER2 positive, triple negative, and HER2 overexpression. RESULTS: Most patients were white (80.7%) and post-menopausal (64.9%), with a mean age of 57.4 years (± 13.5). At diagnosis, 57.5% had tumor size > 2.0 cm, and 41.7% had lymph node involvement. The most common subtypes were luminal B - HER2 negative (41.8%) and triple negative (24.2%). In the luminal A subtype, 72.1% of patients were post-menopausal, while the highest percentage of premenopausal women were observed in the luminal B - HER2 positive and triple negative subtypes (45.2% and 44.2%, respectively). A higher frequency of tumors > 2.0 cm and lymph node involvement was observed in triple negative and HER2 positive subtypes. CONCLUSION: This study allowed the distribution assessment of the main clinical and pathological characteristics and those related to health services in a cohort of Brazilian women with breast cancer, according to the immunohistochemical tumor subtypes.

Caracterización epidemiológica y evolución del cáncer de mama en Arica y Parinacota, Chile 1997-2007 / Epidemiological characterization and evolution of breast cancer patients in the Arica and Parinacota region in Chile, 1997-2007

Objetivo Caracterizar epidemiológicamente el cáncer de mama y su evolución en la Región de Arica y Parinacota para el decenio 1997- 2007, Chile Método Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de tendencia. Se revisaron las historias clínicas de 306 casos pesquisados, consultantes del Policlínico de Oncología Mamaria del Hospital en Red Dr. Juan Noé Crevani. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo univariado de cada variable estudiada y se evaluó la tendencia de la incidencia y mortalidad de cáncer de mama. Resultados De los 306 casos estudiados durante el periodo, el 51,3 por ciento tuvo entre 46 y 65 años de edad, siendo el 13,9 por ciento de origen Aymara. El 70,2 por ciento de las pacientes eran menopáusicas, 98,4 por ciento sin tratamiento hormonal. El 12 por ciento refirió tener antecedentes familiares, de los cuales la hermana fue lo más frecuente. El 84,1 por ciento tuvo el diagnostico de carcinoma ductal infiltrante, un 32,8 por ciento de estos en etapa IIA. De todos los casos, el 31,6 por ciento presentó metástasis múltiple, con 74,7 por ciento en un rango de edad entre of 56 a 94 años. El análisis de la serie indica una tendencia creciente de nuevos casos y una moderada tendencia a la diminución de la tasa de mortalidad. Conclusiones La Región de Arica y Parinacota de Chile, muestra una tendencia creciente absoluta y relativa de nuevos casos de cáncer de mama durante el decenio estudiado. Por otra parte, la tasa mortalidad tendió a la disminución en el periodo. Ambos situaciones se explicarían en parte por el diagnóstico precoz y las políticas de salud implementados.

Objective Epidemiologically characterizing breast cancer in the Arica and Parinacota region in Chile and its evolution during 1997-2007. Method A descriptive, cross-sectional study was performed. All clinical histories for 306 cases of breast cancer were reviewed. All patients were detected through the Arica Juan Noé Crevani Hospital's Oncological Mammary Polyclinic from 1997 to 2007. A descriptive data analysis was made, followed by a tendency analysis. Results 51.3 percent of the 306 cases studied were aged 46 to 65 years, 13.9 percent being of Aymara ethnic origin. 70.2 percent of the women involved in the study were climacteric, 98.4 percent being without hormonal treatment. 12 percent referred to having a family background of cancer, the sister being the most frequently referred to relative. 84.1 percent had a histological diagnosis of infiltrating ductal carcinoma, stage IIA being the most frequently occurring one (32.8 percent). 31.6 percent presented multiple metastases, 74.7 percent of this group being aged 56 to 94. Time series analysis indicated an increasing incidence rate and decreasing mortality rate. Conclusions The Arica and Parinacota region of Chile presented an increasing tendency for new cases of breast cancer during the period being studied which was concentrated during the early stages of evolution. These findings could be explained by the early detection of breast cancer and the implementation of public health policy.

Breast diseases; spectrum in Wah Cantt; POF hospital experience

To find out the magnitude of breast diseases and their distribution in different age groups among the patients attending surgical OPD for surgical consultation at POF Hospital Wah Cantt. This is a retrospective observational type of study. Patients attending surgical OPD for breast problem from January 2000 to December 2007 were included. They were assessed clinically and their diagnosis was confirmed by cytological [FNAC] or histopathological [biopsy] examination. Records were taken from pathology and surgery department and the patients were retrospectively reviewed. 954 cases of breast disease were diagnosed. These include 905 female and 49 male patients. Benign breast diseases [BBD] were the most common lesions of the breast found in this study [71.5%] whereas malignant lesions were on the rise with each passing year [28.5%]. Among BBD, the most common lesion was fibroadenoma [49%] followed by breast abscess [13%], Fibrocystic disease [9.3%] and gynecomastia [6.8%]. 271 cases [28.5%] were malignant lesions. This includes 269 female and 2 male cases. The common ages for BBD were, 12-30 years for fibroadenoma, 15-40 years for breast abscess, 18-40 years for fibrocystic disease and 15-29, 50-59 for gynecomastia respectively, whereas carcinoma breast was seen in the age group of fifties initially, getting more common in forties, in the later part of study. We conclude from this study that BBD is the most frequent breast ailment. Among the BBD, fibroadenoma was the most common lesion. Breast carcinoma cases were becoming more frequent but reached hospital at a late stage of the disease. Infiltrating ductal carcinoma was the most common malignancy noted

Câncer de mama em homem: relato de caso e revisão da literatura / Male breast cancer: a case report and review of the literature

O câncer de mama em homens é uma patologia relativamente incomum. Atinge um homem para cada 1.000 mulheres, representa menos de 1 por cento de todos os cânceres em homens e é responsável por 0,1 por cento da mortalidade por câncer no sexo masculino. Como nas mulheres, o subtipo mais comum é o ductal infiltrativo. No presente trabalho é relatado o caso de um paciente masculino, 67 anos, com nódulo em mama direita com diagnóstico de carcinoma ductal sólido. Apesar de ser incomum, alguns estudos vêm demonstrando um aumento na incidência desses tumores. O exame físico talvez seja a principal ferramenta para o diagnóstico desse tumor. Contudo, a confirmação histopatológica é necessária para avaliação definitiva. Devido à raridade da doença, muitas das atuais modalidades de tratamento são baseadas na experiência com câncer de mama feminino. Este caso evidencia a relevância da conscientização da população sobre essa patologia e ao profissional da saúde em considerar este diagnóstico possível.

Male breast cancer is a fairly uncommon disorder. Affecting only one for a thousand women, it represents less than 1 percent of all male cancers and accounts for 0.1 percent of the male cancer mortality. Just like in women, the most common subtype is the infiltrative ductal. Here we report the case of a 67-year-old male patient with a nodule in the right breast with a diagnosis of solid ductal carcinoma. Although uncommon, a few studies show an increase in the incidence of this tumor. However, histopathologic confirmation is necessary for a definite evaluation. Due to the rarity of the disease, many of the current treatment modalities are based on the experience with female cancer. This case highlights the relevance of raising the awareness of the disease among the general population and health professionals in considering this a potential diagnosis.

Comparative analysis of estrogen, progesterone, C-ERBB-2 receptor status of age matched male and female breast carcinoma

To assess the estrogen receptor [ER], progesterone receptor [PR] status and Her-2/neu oncogene mutation in male breast carcinomas and to compare these prognostic markers with age matched female patients. This is a comparative descriptive study carried out in the department of Pathology [Histopathology], Army Medical College, Rawalpindi, with necessary collaboration with Armed Forces Institute of Pathology [AFIP], from January 2007 to January 2009. Twenty male patients were divided in different age groups and age group matched 20 female breast carcinoma cases were selected. Request forms and haematoxylin and eosin [H and E] stained slides were assessed for age of the patients, type and grade of the tumor. Tumors were graded according to the Nottingham Modification of Bloom-Richardson classification and Immunohistochemical scoring for ER and PR was done by H Scoring method. The c-erbB-2 scoring was done according to DAKO Scoring system. Forty [20 males and 20 females] patients of breast carcinoma were included in the study. Majority were having invasive ductal carcinoma. The predominant histological grade was grade-II. Statistically significant correlation, was found between the intensities of ER and PR in male patients as compared to female patients [p value =0.001] except in age group 26-35 where it was more in females [p value =0.001]. There was no significant difference in the c-erbB-2 scoring of both groups [p value >0.05]. Male breast cancers display distinct immunophenotypic features than in females, implying a different pathogenesis in the evolution and progression of this disease. This recognition may provide better-focused treatment strategies and improved survival

Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) analysis of chromosomal aberrations in Iranian patients with invasive ductal carcinoma breast cancer.

INTRODUCTION: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in women; however, due to the complexity of chromosomal changes, limited data are available regarding chromosomal constitution. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, Comparative Genomic Hybridization (CGH) was used on 16 Iranian patients diagnosed with invasive ductal breast carcinomas. RESULTS: 12 samples had abnormal CGH results (75%), including 21 types of chromosomal imbalance. The most prevalent were chromosomal gain of +1q, +17q, +8q and chromosomal loss of -13q. All three cases with DNA loss at chromosome 13q (-13q) had lymph node metastasis. CONCLUSIONS: CGH is able to detect chromosomal abnormalities which are difficult to identify by conventional cytogenetic techniques. More studies on a larger sample size may help to confirm or rule out any possible correlation between 13q monosomy and lymph node metastasis, which could result in establishing new strategies for prevention and early detection of invasive breast tumors.

Breast cancer in Sabah, Malaysia: a two year prospective study.

INTRODUCTION: Malaysian women have a 1 in 20 chance of developing breast cancer in their lifetime. Sabah, formerly known as North Borneo, is part of East Malaysia with a population of 3.39 million and more than 30 ethnic groups. We conducted a 2 year prospective epidemiological study to provide unreported data of breast cancer from this part of the world and to recognise which particular group of patients are more likely to present with advanced disease. METHODS: All newly diagnosed breast cancers seen at the Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu, from January 2005 to December 2006 were included in the study. Patient and tumour characteristics, including age, race, education, socioeconomic background, parity, practice of breast feeding, hormonal medication intake, menopausal status, family history, mode of presentation, histology, grade, stage of disease and hormonal receptors status were collected and analysed. RESULTS: A total of 186 patients were seen. The commonest age group was 40 to 49 years old (32.3%). Chinese was the commonest race (30.6%) followed by Kadazan-Dusun (24.2%). The commonest histology was invasive ductal carcinoma (88.4%). Stages at presentation were Stage 0- 4.8%, Stage I- 12.9%, Stage II- 30.1%, Stage III- 36.6% and Stage IV- 15.6%. The estrogen and progesterone receptor status was positive in 59.1% and 54.8% of cases, respectively. 73.7% of Chinese patients presented with early cancer compared to 36.4% of the other races. Patients who presented with advanced disease were also poor, non-educated and from rural areas. 20.4% of patients defaulted treatment; most of them opted for traditional alternatives. CONCLUSIONS: Sabahan women with breast cancer present late. Great efforts are needed to improve public awareness of breast cancer, especially among those who have higher risk of presenting with advanced disease.

Cáncer de mama: experiencia del Centro Integral de la Mama de Clínica Las Condes 1996-2005 / Breast Cancer: Centro Integral de la Mama de Clínica Las Condes experience

Se presenta la experiencia del Centro Integral de la Mama (CIM) de Clínica Las Condes en diagnóstico y tratamiento del cáncer de mama, a diez años de su formación; y se evalúa si la intervención multidisciplinaria impacta en las posibilidades de conservar la mama y aumentar la sobrevivencia. Se busca establecer el impacto favorable del trabajo multidisciplinario sobre el cáncer de mama, principalmente en su etapa diagnóstica, aumentando los porcentajes de tumores menores de 2 cms, lo que permite incrementar los índices de cirugía conservadora de la mama, así como obtener una supervivencia global del 95 por ciento a cinco años.

Cáncer de seno en la Clínica San Pedro Claver de Bogotá, 2004 / Breast cancer in the Pedro Claver hospital in Bogotá, 2004

OBJETIVO: Revisar los casos nuevos de cáncer de seno atendidos durante el año 2004 en la Clínica San Pedro Claver, Bogotá, Colombia. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: La captación de las pacientes se hizo a través de la junta de seno, actividad a la cual asisten todas las pacientes nuevas de este servicio. Para garantizar la inclusión de la totalidad de ellas, además se realizó búsqueda activa de los casos entre las pacientes hospitalizadas, consulta externa, registros de programación de cirugía y reportes de patología. Los datos fueron registrados en un archivo Excel y evaluados mediante el programa EPIINFO. RESULTADOS: Se encontraron 220 casos de cáncer de mama. La edad promedio fue 59 años, el 18 por ciento tenía menos de 50 años. El carcinoma ductal infiltrante con el 84,1 por ciento de los casos fue el tipo histológico más frecuente. La distribución según estadíos concentró el mayor número de pacientes en los estados 0 al II en el 62,7 por ciento. Los tumores midieron más de 2 centímetros en el 78 por ciento de ellos. El tratamiento quirúrgico se realizó en el 83 por ciento de las pacientes y el de quimioterapia en el 60 por ciento. Sin embargo, en las mujeres mayores de 69 años tanto la cirugía (58,3 por ciento) como la quimioterapia (13,9 por ciento) fueron indicados en proporciones inferiores a las de las mujeres con menor edad (p<0.05). En el 40,9 por ciento de los casos, se indicó hormonoterapia. CONCLUSIONES: El registro institucional de Cáncer de la Clínica San Pedro Claver permite conocer las características personales, Clínicas y modalidades terapéuticas pertenecientes a los casos nuevos de cáncer de mama atendidas durante el año 2004 en esta institución. La mayoría de los casos corresponden a estados tempranos. Sin embargo, se debe continuar en el empeño de detectar un mayor número de lesiones no palpables. Se hace necesario evaluar los tratamientos indicados en las mujeres mayores de 69 años con respecto a lo encontrado en los grupos más jóvenes y la calidad del procedimiento, laboratorio, reporte de los receptores hormonales y la decisión terapéutica que puedan explicar la baja proporción del tratamiento con hormonoterapia.

Changes in incidence of in situ and invasive breast cancer by histology type following mammography screening.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate secular trends and correlates of incidence of breast cancer by histology type following the introduction of population-based mammography screening. METHODS: Analysis of age-standardised incidence rates for 1,423 in situ and 16,157 invasive carcinomas recorded on the South Australian population-based cancer registry for the 1985-2004 diagnostic period. Multiple logistic regression was undertaken to compare socio-demographic characteristics by histology. Progression from in situ disease was investigated using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: The incidence of in situ lesions increased approximately seven-fold over the 20-year period, compared with an increase of about 40% for invasive cancers. The increase for in situ lesions was due to increases for ductal carcinomas, with little change for lobular lesions. By comparison, the percentage increase in incidence for invasive cancer was greater for lobular than ductal cancers. Both for in situ and invasive cancers, percentage increases were greatest for the screening target age range of 50-69 years. One in 14 in situ cases was found to progress to invasive cancer within seven years of diagnosis, but insufficient detail was available to determine whether the invasive cancers were a progression of the in situ lesions or whether they originated separately. These invasive cancers were smaller than generally applying for other invasive cancers of the female breast. CONCLUSIONS: The larger secular increases in incidence for in situ than invasive cancers would reflect the dominant role of mammography in the detection of ductal carcinoma in situ. The lack of an increase for lobular in situ lesions may have resulted from their poorer radiological visibility. The greater percentage increase for lobular than ductal invasive lesions may have been due to an increase in imaging sensitivity for these lesions, plus real increases in incidence. The smaller sizes of invasive cancers found in women with a prior in situ diagnosis may have resulted from more intensive medical surveillance, although the possibility of biological differences cannot be discounted.

Biopsia por aspiración con aguja fina en lesiones mamarias: experiencia institucional / Fine needle aspiration biopsy of breast lesions: institutional experience

Background. With the advent of new diagnostic technologies and the fear of low diagnostic accuracy, there has been a reduction in the use of fine needle aspiration (FNA) for diagnosis of breast lesions. The objectives of the present study were to establish the diagnostic accuracy and complications associated with FNA of breast lesions. Material and methods. We retrospectively reviewed FNA of breast lesions done in a tertiary referral center in Mexico City from 1999 through 2001. We analyzed demographic, radiologic and pathological variables in order to establish diagnostic accuracy of FNA. The gold standard was considered the histopathologic study of the specimen or the clinical follow-up of benign lesions. Categorical variables were analyzed with the method and statistical significance was considered at p < 0.05. Results. We identified 300 patients with a mean age of 50 years (range, 20-86). Fifty-three percent were postmenopausal. In ninety-three percent of patients, FNA was performed in the outpatient clinic. Nonpalpable lesions were aspirated under ultrasound guidance. Mean size of the lesion was 2.27 cm (range 0.7-10 cm). Thirty-one percent of patients had definite diagnosis of malignancy. The only variables associated with cancer diagnosis were the BTRADS category and the presence of palpable adenopathy. Cancer was diagnosed in 6.5% of lesions categorized as BTRADS 0-3 compared to 56.2% for lesions BTRADS 4-5 (p < 0.0001). Positive predictive value and specificity of FNA were 100%. Sensitivity, negative predictive value and accuracy were 82.6%, 92.8% and 94.7%, respectively. The most common diagnosis of false negative lesions were lobular and papillary carcinomas. There were no significant complications associated with FNA. Conclusions. Diagnostic accuracy of FNA for breast lesions is very high with minimal complications. Positive predictive value of 100% allows to establish therapy based on its results.

Antecedentes. El advenimiento de nuevas tecnologías diagnósticas, así como el temor a baja exactitud diagnóstica, han reducido el papel de la biopsia por aspiración con aguja fina (BAAF) en lesiones mamarias. El objetivo del presente estudio fue el establecer la exactitud diagnóstica y complicaciones de la BAAF en esta indicación. Material y métodos. Estudio retrospectivo de BAAF de lesiones mamarias realizadas en nuestra institución de 1999 a 2001. Se analizaron variables demográficas, radiológicas e histopatológicas para establecer la exactitud diagnóstica. Se definió como estándar diagnóstico al análisis histopatológico del tejido o bien al seguimiento clínico en caso de lesiones benignas dejadas para observación. Las variables categóricas se analizaron con la prueba de . Se estableció como significativa a una p < 0.05. Resultados. Fueron identificados 300 pacientes con una edad promedio de 50 años (20-86). Fueron posmenopáusicas 53.3%. En 93.3% de los casos se realizó BAAF de lesión clínicamente palpable y en el resto de una lesión visible por ultrasonido. El tamaño promedio de la lesión fue de 2.27 cm (0.7-10 cm). De las pacientes, 30.7% tuvieron diagnóstico definitivo de lesión maligna. Las únicas variables asociadas al diagnóstico de cáncer fueron la clasificación radiológica de BI-RADS y la presencia de adenomegalias palpables. La incidencia de cáncer en pacientes con BI-RADS de 0 a 3 fue de 6.5% vs. 56.2% en aquellas con BI-RADS 4 o 5 (p < 0.0001). Tanto el valor predictivo positivo como la especificidad de la BAAF fueron de 100%, con una sensibilidad de 82.6% y valor predictivo negativo de 92.8%, para una exactitud diagnóstica de 94.7%. Las causas más frecuentes de falsos negativos fueron el carcinoma lobulillar infiltrante y el carcinoma papilar. No se presentaron complicaciones significativas en ningún caso asociadas con la BAAF. Conclusiones. La exactitud diagnóstica de la BAAF en lesiones mamarias es muy elevada, con una incidencia mínima de complicaciones. Un valor predictivo positivo de 100% permite basar la terapéutica en sus resultados. El diagnóstico de benignidad por BAAF permite el seguimiento seguro de lesiones mamarias.

Quantificação dos linfonodos axilares obtidos em cirurgias para câncer na mama e sua correlação com dados terapêuticos e variáveis epidemiológicas / Quantitation of axillary lymph nodes obtained during surgical treatment of patients with breast cancer and its correlation with therapeutic results and epidemiologic variables

A dissecção axilar completa apresenta elevada morbidade, o que coloca em questão a necessidade de extensos procedimentos cirúrgicos de rotina na axila. Para tumores mamários em estádios iniciais pode-se realizar apenas o estudo do linfonodo sentinela. Nos demais estádios faz-se a dissecção completa dos linfonodos axilares, sendo considerada adequada uma amostragem que contenha dez ou mais desses linfonodos. Este estudo retrospectivo quantifica os linfonodos axilares e correlaciona esse número com dados terapêuticos e variáveis epidemiológicas, verificando a influência desses fatores no número de linfonodos axilares dissecados em cem pacientes com diagnóstico de carcinoma ductal infiltrante na mama submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico com esvaziamento axilar homolateral no Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia da Santa Casa de São Paulo durante o ano de 2002. Concluiu-se que não há relação entre o número de linfonodos axilares, dissecados ou comprometidos pela neoplasia maligna na mama e faixa etária, grupo étnico, profissão, tempo decorrido para o diagnóstico da doença, cirurgião responsável pelo esvaziamento axilar e estadiamento da doença. Existe relação entre a quantidade de linfonodos axilares dissecados e a de comprometidos pelo carcinoma na mama: para cada dez linfonodos axilares dissecados encontramos um linfonodo comprometido pela neoplasia na mama.

Five year clinico pathological study of breast cancer.

Breast cancer is a prototype for exploring variations in pathological diagnosis and etiology. BASIC PROCEDURE: We analysed the various risk factors, age, Tamoxifen treatment and pathological diagnosis for Breast cancer. MAIN FINDINGS: We present a review of 105 cases of breast cancers diagnosed and treated at Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital in a five years prospective study between 1997 and 2002. Breast cancer was most commonly found in age group 30-40 years and infiltrating carcinoma of breast was the commonest occurring in 90% of the cases. IMPLICATIONS: We demonstrated the utility of such study of ensuring greater equity and understanding in etiology. The risk factors and pathological diagnosis in cancer of breast were studied and need for comprehensive screening programme were outlined.

Breast cancer in south-east Republic of Yemen

A retrospective study of breast cancer was carried out using the treatment registry of Aden Health Office and archives of Al-Gamhoria Teaching Hospital from January 1989 to December 1996 and the records of patients registered at Aden Cancer Centre from January 1997 to December 1998. The data analysed included age, sex, residence, breast affected and type of cancer. There were 227 patients with breast cancer registered between January 1989 and December 1998; 225 were female and 2 were male. Most of the patients [81.5%] had infiltrating ductal carcinoma. About 90% of the patients had lymph node involvement. The age groups most affected were 30-39 years and 40-49 years